Due to its limited application, dynamic UPS is commonly referred to as static UPS. Static UPS can be divided into three types based on power supply mode: online (ON-LINE), backup (or offline, OFF-LINE/ACK-UP), and online interactive (LINE-INTERACTION).
The definition of a true online UPS power supply is: when the input, load, and UPS itself are working normally, the UPS power supply first converts the input AC mains power into DC power through a rectifier, and then inverts the DC power into AC power through an inverter, outputting a standard stable and pure sine wave power source. That is to say, under normal conditions, the load receives high-quality sine wave power output by the inverter.
The definition of a backup UPS power supply is that when the input, load, and UPS itself are working normally, the UPS only performs simple boosting, lowering, and filtering of the mains power, and then directly outputs it to the load for use. Only when the input power does not meet the requirements, the UPS reverses the DC of the battery into AC power and outputs it to the load for use. That is to say, most of the time, the load is using the input power supply itself or a simply processed input power supply.
The definition of interactive UPS power supply is: when the mains power supply is in the range of about 150-264 volts, it provides users with a general mains power supply that has been regulated by a ferromagnetic resonance regulator or a transformer tap (which means that low-quality power sources troubled by frequency fluctuations from the general mains power grid, high waveform distortion caused by “harmonic pollution”, and interference from the grid are the AC power sources actually used by users). For this type of UPS, it is only possible to provide users with a true “UPS inverter high-quality sine wave” power supply when the mains power supply voltage is below 150 volts or above 264 volts.
Current situation and development:
Intelligent UPS is a major development trend of UPS today. With the application of UPS in network systems, network managers emphasize that the entire network system is a protected object, hoping that the entire network system can continue to work without interruption in the event of a power supply system failure. Therefore, configuring microprocessors within UPS to make it intelligent is a new trend in UPS. The combination of hardware and software within UPS greatly improves its functionality, allowing for monitoring of the UPS’s operational status, such as output voltage frequency, grid voltage frequency, battery status, and fault recording. It is also possible to detect the battery, automatically discharge and charge it, and remotely control the power on and off through software. Network managers can analyze the power supply quality based on information and take corresponding measures according to the actual situation. When UPS detects a power grid interruption, it automatically switches to battery power supply. When the battery power supply capacity is insufficient, it immediately notifies the server to prepare for shutdown and shuts down on its own before the battery runs out. Intelligent UPS communicates with computers through interfaces, enabling network administrators to monitor UPS. Therefore, the functionality of its management software is extremely important.